Kā ka luna hoʻoponopono nota: Unuhi ʻia na Ākea Kahikina. Click here to read this article in English. 

Me ka ʻaʻahu ʻia ʻana o kahi ʻahu hinuhinu o nā hulu pōʻeleʻele, kūlepe kahi ʻakihihehiʻale i kona mau ʻēheu ma Waialua ma Oʻahu. 

ʻO ka neʻena o ka manu keiki, ʻo ia ka hōʻailona mākaukau no kona lele mua ʻana, akā ʻaʻole kēlā kona lanakila hoʻokahi. Wahi a nā mea noiʻi, ʻo kēia manu nō paha ma James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge ka manu mua lua i hānau ʻia ma Oʻahu mai ka hoʻopilikia ʻana mai o nā kānaka i ko lākou nohona — he hehi koʻikoʻi loa no ko ka lāhulu ola ʻana i loko nō o ka hoʻohuli aniau. 

Ma o nā kekeke, e hana ana nā hui mālama ʻāina e lawe mai i nā ʻakēʻakē a me nā manu kai ʻē aʻe mai nā mokupuni mamao mai ma muli o nā pilikia i pili i ka piʻi ʻilikai a me ka hoʻomehana honua.

ʻO Nā Pilikia, He Kahiko A He Hou

ʻO nā kuhia no nā mokupuni ma loko o Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, he kīpuka i loaʻa nā mile kuea he 583,000 a puni nā mokupuni mamao, hōʻike ua kuhia nei, inā piʻi ke kai he ʻeono kapuaʻi, e nalowale ana nō paha ka ʻāina he 26%.

ʻO Beth Flint, he luna noiʻi kālaimeaola ʻo ia no U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ua hana ʻo ia ma nā mokupuni mamao no 40 mau makahiki, a ua ʻike maka ʻo ia i ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana o ka nohona manu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā wahi pūnana a me ka ʻimi home hou ʻana no nā manu. 

“ʻO nā loli hoʻoweliweli aʻu i ʻike ai ma o kēlā mau makahiki aku nei he 40…ʻo ia ka nalowale ʻokoʻa ʻana o nā moku liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻaʻai koke ma nā moku nui,” wahi a Flint. 

Ua palemo iho kekahi mau moku a ʻo ka nalowale akula nō ia o nā wahi pūnana ma o nā hanana anilā nui. Ua hoʻomake ʻia nā kaʻupu makua a me nā keiki he 100,000 a ʻoi ma Pihemanu ma hope o ka ʻōlaʻi ma ka makahiki 2011 a me ke kai eʻe i pae ma Iāpana; ma ka makahiki 2018, ma o ka palemo ʻana o Moku Hikina, ua nalowale kahi wahi hānau no nā honu, nā ʻīlio kai, a me nā lāhulu like ʻole o nā manu kai. 

He wānana nō paha kēia mau hanana i nā mea e hiki mai ana, wahi a nā mea mālama ʻāina. 

ʻOiai, he holoholona laulauna nā manu kai e hoʻokolonaio i nā mokupuni holoʻokoʻa, ua kūpaʻa lākou i kā lākou wahi e hoʻopili ai ma ka wā ʻōpio. No laila, i mea e hoʻoponopono ʻia ai ka pilikia, ʻo nā hui e like me Pacific Rim Conservation, hoʻoneʻe lākou i nā manu keiki no nā mokupuni mamao a hoʻohana iā lākou e hōʻumeʻume i nā manu ʻē aʻe e lele i nā mokupuni ma ʻaneʻi. 

No James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge hoʻi, ʻo nā manu keiki he 511 o nā lāhulu ʻehā like ʻole — ka mōlī, ke kaʻupu, ka nunulu, a me ka ʻakihihehiʻale — ua lawe ʻia maila lākou i home hou mai nā mokupuni mamao mai ma waena o nā makahiki 2015 a me 2021 ma loko o nā wahi i kiaʻi ʻia e nā pā pale poʻiiʻa. 

A ua ola aʻe nō nā manu keiki i hoʻoneʻe ʻia he 92% i ka wā ulu ʻēheu, a ʻo ko lākou hoʻi maila nō ia ma ka wā makua, wahi a FWS. 

Wahi a Lindsay Young, ʻo ia ko PRC luna hoʻokō, ʻo kekahi pahuhopu o ka hui penei, e hoʻokō ʻia ka nalowale ʻokoʻa ʻole ʻana o ka ʻāina, ʻo ia hoʻi, no kēlā me kēia iwilei kuea o ka ʻāina ma nā mokupuni mamao, he koho ʻē aʻe ko nā manu kai ma nā mokupuni ʻewalu mai Hawaiʻi i Kauaʻi. 

ʻO ka hoʻohuli aniau ke kolu ma ka papahelu o nā pilikia nohona no nā manu kai ma ka pae honua, a aia nō ia ma hope o nā lāhulu malihini a me ka hopu hewa o ka lawaiʻa, wahi a kahi noiʻi ma ka makahiki 2019 ma o nā noiʻi he 900. 

I loko nō o ka hoʻolako ʻana o nā mokupuni nui i ka ʻāina kiʻekiʻe a me ke kīpuka ma waho o ka hoʻohuli aniau, ua hoʻopilikia hou ʻia nā manu i nā mea i hoʻālo ʻia ma mua: ʻo nā kānaka, ʻo nā holoholona kūloko a nā lāhulu malihini. 

ʻO nā puaʻa, nā pōpoki a me nā ʻiole, ʻo ia nō ka pilikia nui loa i nā manu kai, no laila, he pono ke kau pā ʻana e kiaʻi pono ʻia ai lākou ma ko lākou mau home hou. 

Akā, ua hoʻopilikia pū hoʻi kekahi o nā mokupuni mamao e nā lāhulu malihini, e laʻa ʻo Pihemanu, ʻo ia kahi e ʻai ʻia ai nā mōlī e nā ʻiole hale i waiho ʻia ma ka moku ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua. ʻAi ka naonao malihini i nā manu kai kekahi. 

Ua kūkulu aku nei ʻo PRC i kahi pā pale poʻiiʻa me ka lōʻihi he ʻelua mile e kūpale ana i nā ʻeka he 168 o Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge ma Kauaʻi, a ʻo ia ka mea e kō ai kā lākou pahuhopu no ka nalowale ʻole ʻana, wahi a Young. 

“ʻO ka hehi e hiki mai ana, ʻo ia ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūʻuo ma o kēlā mau wahi a pau,” wahi a Young. 

ʻŌlelo ʻo Flint, ua holomua nui lākou me nā ʻakihihehiʻale, ʻoiai, e hōʻumeʻume ana nā manu i nā manu ʻē aʻe a lahalaha ka pūʻuo ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā holoholona e hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi pūʻuo kahua e nā hui e like me PRC. 

“ʻO kēlā nō kā mākou nuʻu e kūlia aku ai, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka uluō,” wahi a Flint. “Ma kai, ua maopopo leʻa ka hana iā lākou, a ikaika loa kēlā mau mea liʻiliʻi. Akā, inā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi i wahi e waiho ʻia kā lākou mau hua a hānai ʻia ai kā lākou mau keiki, e halapohe ana lākou.”

ʻO Ke Guano A Me Ke Olakino Kaiaola

Ma hope o ka pae ʻana o kahi mōlī ma nā pali hikina ʻākau o Molokaʻi ma Ianuali, ua haʻi ʻia ʻo Molokai Land Trust, e loaʻa koke ana nō paha nā kōkoʻolua hoʻopiʻi mua loa i kēlā wahi.

“Ua hoʻomaka lākou me ka hoʻokolonaio ʻana ma Kauaʻi, a ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia i Oʻahu. A ʻo ko mākou ʻike maka akula nō ia ma ʻaneʻi,” wahi Butch Haase, ʻo ia ka luna hoʻokō no MLT. “No laila, ʻo kēia ka pohaku i kau ʻia aku nei ma luna pono o ke kahua.” 

ʻO ka māhele ʻāina he 63 ʻeka, ua puni i nā pali a me kahi pā e hoʻopau koke ʻia, a he $1 miliona ke kumu kūʻai, he home hoʻi ia no ka ʻuaʻu kani, ʻo ia ka mea nāna e ʻeli a waiho i kā lākou pūnana ma lalo o ka honua. 

A, ʻo ka holomua o ke olakino noho loa o nā manu, kākoʻo ua holomua nei i ke kaiaola nui. ʻO ke kūkae o nā manu i kapa ʻia ʻo guano, he kīpulu nō ia e makepono ai ka ʻāina a me ke kai.  

ʻOiai, ua makeʻe nui ʻia ka guano ma ke ʻano he kīpulu, ua ʻeli ʻia ʻo Pihemanu ma ke kinohi o ke kenekulia 20, a ʻo ia ka home o ka pūʻuo mōlī nui loa ma ka honua nei. ʻO kēia hana luku i hōʻeuʻeu i kekahi o nā pale mālama ʻāina kahiko loa ma nā mokupuni mamao. 

Akā, inā waiho ʻia, hiki i ka guano ke hoʻēmi i ka hoʻohuli aniau. 

“ʻO kēla mau māhuola mai ka guano manu kai, hiki ia kē hoʻokīpulu i nā ʻōnaehana malina kapakai a hoʻonui i ka paʻapū a me ka like ʻole o nā lāhulu, mai ka ʻōlaula, a i ka limu, mai ka pūkoʻa a i ka iʻa,” wahi a Haase. 

Ma luna aʻe o kēlā, ua hōʻike ʻia, hoʻolako nā manu kai i nā mea koʻikoʻi i nā kaiaola ma ka Pakipika, wahi a Brad Keitt, ʻo ia ka luna o American Bird Conservancy’s Oceans and Islands Program.

Hoʻolako nā manu ʻeli e like me ka ʻuaʻu kani i ka naikokene malina he 15% a i 27%, a ʻo ia ka nui a nā kīpulu e hoʻopilipili aku ai e kākoʻo i nā kaiaola lāʻau. 

“He kuleana kupanaha ko kēia mau manu kai, ma luna aʻe o ka ʻike maka ʻia a me ka hoʻonanea ʻia ʻana o lākou,” wahi a Keitt. “He māhele koʻikoʻi lākou o kēia mau kaiaola mokupuni a me ka ʻāina a puni.”

ʻO Nā Pilikia E Hoʻohui Ana

Ke hoʻopilikia aku ka piʻi ʻilikai i ka wā ma hope o nā manu kai, ke hoʻopilikia pū hoʻi nei ka hoʻohuli aniau i nā manukai a me ko lākou wela kino ma ke anilā wela a me ko lākou hiki ʻana ke ʻimi ʻai ma o ka Pakipika. 

ʻO nā loli anilā ma loko o ka nā makahiki ʻo El Nino lāua ʻo La Nina, ʻo ia nā mea e kōkua mau iā Pacific Rim Conservation ma ke kuhi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka huakaʻi ʻana o nā mōli e ʻimi i ka ʻai na kā lākou mau keiki ma ko lākou noho pūnana ʻana. Akā, ke hoʻololi nā nui iʻa i nā ʻano huakaʻi, he pono ko nā manu e hoʻololi pū ma ko lākou lele ʻana i ʻĀlaka, Iāpana, a me Mekiko. 

“Inā mamao loa ka ʻimi ʻai ʻana na ke keiki, inā hoʻololi ka palena wahi i loaʻa ka ʻai a hoʻākea iki ʻia, ʻaʻole nō paha e hiki ke hoʻi pono i nā keiki no ka hānai ʻana iā lākou,” wahi a Young me ka ʻōlelo hou ʻana, ma kēlā kau hoʻopiʻi aku nei, ua hoʻēmi ʻia ka helu ola no nā manu keiki. “Hōʻike kēlā helu i ʻāiki no nā mea e hiki mai ana ma ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana o ke kai.”

ʻOiai, he holoholona hana maʻa, hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā manu keiki e lele ma ka wā like o kēlā me kēia makahiki, ma ke kauwela, e hopu i ka iʻa a me ka mūheʻe ma ka wā e nui ai ka lako. Akā, ke nui ka wela, e hōʻea ana nō paha ka wā e lako ai ka iʻa ma mua o kēlā wā. 

“Hiki nō paha ia ke hoʻopilikia i ko lākou noho loa ʻana,” wahi a Young. 

ʻO Ka Pedialyte A Me Nā Iʻa Maka

Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā manu e like me nā mōlī, a i ʻole, ʻaʻole hoʻi ko lākou mau mākua mai ka huakaʻi mai i ka wā kūpono, lilo nā hui e like me PRC i makua hānai ma o ka hānai ʻana iā lākou i ka iʻa he paona ma kēlā me kēia lā a me ka Pedialyte e mau ai ka māʻona a me ke kena. 

“Ke heluhelu nei kākou i ka nele ʻana o ka ʻai pēpē ʻole ma kēia manawa,” wahi a Young. “Pēlā ke ʻano no Pedialyte a me nā wai electrolyte ma ka wā i hala, a he mau wā ko laila i hiki ʻole iā mākou ke loaʻa.” 

Ua hoʻopilikia kikoʻī ʻia ka mōlī, e like me nā manu kai ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻopūnana nei lākou i nā wahi i hiki ʻole ke hele ʻia, a ma hope o ke kiko ʻana, hala ʻelima mau mahina ma mua o ka lele ʻana. 

Ua pili kēia i nā pilikia mālama ʻāina no nā mea mālama ʻāina iho, ʻo lākou nā mea e hānai lima i nā manu, a he pono ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa maka a me ka Pedialyte na nā manu i loko nō o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kapuaʻi wāwae kalepona ma o ka huakaʻi ʻana. 

“No laila, ʻaʻole makepono kēia i nā wahi mamao loa e pilikia ai ka halihali lako ʻana,” wahi a Young. 

Eia naʻe, i loko nō o nā hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole no nā manu, lana ka manaʻo o Flint no FWS, e lele aʻe ana nō nā manu a ʻimi i nā wahi noho ʻē aʻe.

He ʻano maikaʻi loa ko lākou: hiki iā lākou ke lele i nā mile he mau kaukani no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai a me ka home.

“Ua makepono kēlā iā lākou no nā makahiki he 30 miliona, a lana koʻu manaʻo, e hoʻomau aku ana pēlā,” wahi a Flint. 

Ua kākoʻo ʻia kā Civil Beat kūkala nūhou ʻana e pili ana i ka hoʻohuli aniau e ka Environmental Funders Group ma ka Hawaii Community Foundation, ʻo Marisla Fund ma ka Hawaii Community Foundation a me ka Frost Family Foundation. 

Ua kākoʻo hapa ʻia kā Civil Beat kūkala nūhou ʻana i ke Kalana o Maui e nā haʻawina kālā na Nuestro Futuro Foundation a me Fred Baldwin Memorial Foundation.